Teen Girls and Subliminal Messages in the Media
Research Question: Is there a behavior change stimulated by subliminal messages in the media in teenage girls?
Null and Alternative Hypotheses:
Ho:There is a difference in choice behavior stimulated by subliminal messages in teenagers. [Ho:p=0]
Ha:There is no difference in choice behavior stimulated by subliminal messages in teenager. [Ha:p not = 0]
Variables:
p1= The true proportion of how many girl's behavior change
p2= The true proportion of how many girl's behavior was not change
Data collection:
For our experiment we used a random sample that we obtained from the calculator. A survey was done asking 9 questions about how the teen girls felt about themselves with only yes or no answers. We surveyed 40 girls in the school of Social Justice asking them questions that would let us know how they were affected by the subliminal images and music., the 40 girls were split into two groups of 20. One group was for Ester and the other group of 20 for Jhoana. Each of us split our 20 girls randomly using the calculator again into two groups, our control and experimental, where each group contained girls.
Our condition of normality was not really met based on the time constrain that we had. We were not able to have a sample size of 30 or higher. We where not able to survey the total amount of girls needed to make an accurate conclusion of the experiment, and also the fact that our school is not that big we could not carry out the experiment correctly, but we graphed our results and they appear to be approximately normal. We cannot really assume that the 10% condition is met for independence due to the small amount of girls in the school. 40*(10)=400 There are only 376 students in total in our school so this condition is not met. This really affects the way we conclude about our hypotheses based on our inference method.
Ethical Data Collection Precautions:
The girls that were in the experiment were all asked if they were willing to participate in the test. They were told that their names were randomly selected and that they were not chosen by us. We also explained to them why we where doing this and after the survey we also told them the point of it. We did ask some personal questions that might of made them feel uncomfortable, but we explained them that we where not going to judge them or anything like that that we were not going to look at them differently by the responses they gave. It was just all part of the test that it.
What was the experiment?
Ester`s part of test was to show the 10 girls in the experimental group pictures of what the media considers a girl should look like. Then the other 10 girls in the control group was shown normal random pictures of a chair, shoes, and other everyday objects. After seeing the pictures, according to what group they where in, they took the survey shown below. We both use the same survey so that at the end we could compare and see if there was a difference in choice behavior according to the type of treatment they received.
Jhoana`s part was to play a song that contain subliminal messages, the song "Bed"- by J Holiday contained subliminal messages that portray girls as sexual objects. The control group of ten girls listen to a song by "Adele" where the message is only just love .After listening to either song they took the survey where it gave us the opportunity to place them in a category of negative or positive and see if the song and pictures had an effect on them based on their responses.
Survey:
Name:
Grade:
QUESTIONS:
- Are you comfortable with your skin color? Yes or No
- Do you believe that women are superior than men? Yes or No
- Do you see yourself working in an office?
- Do you feel that women are only portrayed as Yes or No
sexual objects?
- Do you feel that women who Yes or No don't wear make up are ugly?
- Do you think that you need to be Yes or No
skinny to be considered pretty?
- Do you feel comfortable in your body? Yes or No
- Do you consider yourself attractive? Yes or No
- Do you love yourself? Yes or No
These pictures below were just some of the pictures shown to the experimental groups in which it game them the idea of how women should look. Be pretty, blond, and skinny.
Data Collected:
Jhoana's test for Experiment Group: Results from control:
Number of Positive responses: 51 Positive:58
Number of Negative responses: 39 Negative:32
z-score:1.675 p-value: 0.285 p1: 0.433 p2: 0.355 p: 0.394 n1 :90 n2: 90
Ester's test for Experimental Group: Results from Control:
Number of Positive responses: 53 Positive: 58
Number of Negative responses: 19 Negative: 15
z-score: -0.766514 p-value; 0.44337 p1: 0.355556 p2: 0.411111 p:0.383333 n1: 90 n2: 90
Conclusion:
Based on our results and difficulties with the sample size we can not make an accurate conclusion, nevertheless, we can make an inference in the population of Social Justice and the cause and effect since the individuals were randomly selected and were randomly assigned to groups. However, if the conditions would have been met for Ester`s test, we could say that since the p-value is less than the alpha of .05 (-0.767< 0.5), we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the actual proportion of teenage girls' behavior who have been exposed to subliminal messages through pictures, does not change.
For Jhoana`s experiment, if the conditions were met, we could have said that since the p-value is greater than the alpha level of .05 (1.675 > 0.05), we fail to reject Ho. We can conclude that there might be evidence that the true proportion of teen girls that listen to music that portrays women as sexual objects are affected in their behavior.
Jhoana's test for Experiment Group: Results from control:
Number of Positive responses: 51 Positive:58
Number of Negative responses: 39 Negative:32
z-score:1.675 p-value: 0.285 p1: 0.433 p2: 0.355 p: 0.394 n1 :90 n2: 90
Ester's test for Experimental Group: Results from Control:
Number of Positive responses: 53 Positive: 58
Number of Negative responses: 19 Negative: 15
z-score: -0.766514 p-value; 0.44337 p1: 0.355556 p2: 0.411111 p:0.383333 n1: 90 n2: 90
Conclusion:
Based on our results and difficulties with the sample size we can not make an accurate conclusion, nevertheless, we can make an inference in the population of Social Justice and the cause and effect since the individuals were randomly selected and were randomly assigned to groups. However, if the conditions would have been met for Ester`s test, we could say that since the p-value is less than the alpha of .05 (-0.767< 0.5), we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the actual proportion of teenage girls' behavior who have been exposed to subliminal messages through pictures, does not change.
For Jhoana`s experiment, if the conditions were met, we could have said that since the p-value is greater than the alpha level of .05 (1.675 > 0.05), we fail to reject Ho. We can conclude that there might be evidence that the true proportion of teen girls that listen to music that portrays women as sexual objects are affected in their behavior.